Barberton greenstone belt pdf recent field and geochemical studies indicate a need to test the stratigraphy of the ca. Ga barberton greenstone belt as it is presently adopted. Jelsma encyclopedia of life support systems eolss the worldwide 1. These greenstone belts worldwide are thought to be the remnants of ancient volcanic belts, and are subject to much debate in todays. A complex history of volcanosedimentary deposition, polyphase strain, multiple intrusive events, and various stages of porphyroblastesis is indicated for the hemlo gold deposit area within the hemlo greenstone belt. Greenstone definition of greenstone by the free dictionary. The archaean terrain of karnataka is composed of greenstone belts and high grade schists set in a seaofgneiss complex peninsular gneiss.
Abundant chlorite and actinolite in greenschistfacies basalts imparts a green color that gives rise to the name greenstone belt. Lithological relationships and implications for the deposition of. Pdf 3d geophysical and geological modelling of the karasjok. The belt consists of a sequence of volcanic onverwacht group and sedimentary fig tree and moodies groups rocks which have been heated up to around 400 degrees celsius at some point after they formed, prompting the growth of new metamorphic minerals such as chlorite which provides the green in. Structural analysis and gold metallogeny of the farley lake gold deposit, lynn lake greenstone belt nts 64c16 by c.
Greenstone belts article about greenstone belts by the. Minerals free fulltext archaean gold mineralization in an. The mosaic structure of the mustard gold grains is due to different orientations and sizes of pores in the. We seek to simplify complex financial terms and investment options, offer honest advice, and help you navigate the complexities of investing and financial strategies. Ensialic origin for the ngezi group, belingwe greenstone. The basement of the angaran platform was largely formed by about 1. Jones abstract the kevitsa mine is a nicupge magmatictype deposit hosted within a composite ultramafic intrusion within the lapland greenstone belt.
Geochemistry of komatiites and basalts in archean greenstone. Greenstone belts were originally formed of igneous rocks, such as basalt. Structural analysis and gold metallogeny of the farley. Trace element zoning of sulfides and quartz at sheba and. Other articles where greenstonegranite belt is discussed. Geology of the elmers rock greenstone belt, laramie range, wyoming 1982. Its gold bearing greenstone belts are located near the canadian border, within a part of the state that has a 100 year tradition of largescale iron mining. The jack hills greenstone belt, western australia part 2. Greenstone is a suite of software for building and distributing digital library collections. Jul 27, 2019 archean komatiites form an important host rock for nicu sulfide deposits in the world. Ancient granitegreenstone terrane on the eastern edge. Some geologists believe magmatic and tectonic processes during formation of greenstone belts in archean times were different to presentday plate tectonics.
Data driven predictive modelling for archean lode gold. Geology of the elmers rock greenstone belt, laramie range. All major gold deposits in the geita greenstone belt lack close proximity to crustalscale shear zones. Pdf archaean greenstone belts and associated granitic rocks comprise some of.
Ppt archean greenstone belt powerpoint presentation. Greenstone belts were previously often thought to continue to large depths in the crust. Greenstone belts occur sandwiched between regions dominated by granitoids and gneiss. Greenstone belts are large regions of very ancient metamorphosed volcanic rocks.
Albitization in the antimony line, murchison greenstone belt. An evaluation of the metamorphic history of selected areas of the barberton greenstone belt and greenstone remnants in the adjacent granitic terrane including the schapenburg schist belt and greenstone remnants surrounding the boesmanskop syenite pluton in the komati river valley. Other articles where greenstone granite belt is discussed. Simplified geologic map of the barberton greenstone belt. Greenstone belt article about greenstone belt by the free. Archaean greenstone belts and associated granitic rocks comprise some of the most diverse rock types on the earths surface and were formed during the early stages of the development of the planet. Three ages of granite greenstone terrain can be recognized within the zimbabwe archean craton. Media in category greenstone belts the following 16 files are in this category, out of 16 total. The lpl financial representative associated with this website may discuss andor transact securities business only with residents of the following states. Structural elements can be assigned to at least six stages of development d 1.
One of the best known greenstone belts in the world is the south african barberton greenstone belt, where gold was first discovered in south africa. Archean greenstone belts, volume 3 1st edition elsevier. Jul 12, 2007 ive spent the last two weeks towing students around the barberton greenstone belt. The term greenstone comes from the color of the rock. The company holds tenements prospective for gold mineralisation in ghana in two granite greenstone belts. Based on a detailed structural examination, it has been proposed that the belt records an early style of horizontal convergent plate tectonics where elevated. This is a pdf file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. The karasjok greenstone belt kgb is a linear segment of riftrelated metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks and forms the northeastern prolongation of the paleoproterozoic central lapland greenstone belt in the fennonscandian shield. Tourmaline mineralization in the barberton greenstone belt, south. Working with a prepackaged collection unaids 3 installing a prepackaged greenstone collection 3 browsing around a greenstone collection 3 searching within a greenstone collection 4 leaving the greenstone digital library 4 exercise.
Wildeb a tectonics special research centre, department of applied geology, curtin. The present configuration of the greenstone belts is explained. Structural controls on gold mineralisation in the central. Due to the few exposures and lack of surface data data in the finnmarksvidda area, the internal structures within the kgb are poorly understood. Pdf a giant gold system, geita greenstone belt, tanzania. The term greenstone belt is generally applied to mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks that have been undergone serpentine alteration serpentinite is a green coloured mineral that forms from the alteration of olivine and pyroxene. Pdf archaean greenstone belts and associated granitic.
The sediments in two of south africas major archaean greenstone belts, the barberton and. Morishita geological survey of japan, aist tsukuba, tsukuba ibarakiken, japan abstract the kalahari goldridge deposit is located in the archaean kraaipan greenstone belt in the northwest province of south africa. A greenstone belt is a usually an elongate structure composed dominantly of metamorphosed volcanic and sedimentary rocks that. The volcanic rocks range in composition from komatiite to rhyolite but are dominated by basalt. The final consolidation of the indian platform, however, lasted until about 600 million years ago and included various mountainbuilding episodes with peaks of activity.
The fairview and sheba mines are two of the major gold mines in the paleoarchean barberton greenstone belt of southern africa. Almost all the rocks are deformed and substantially altered by. The geita greenstone belt is a late archean greenstone belt located in the tanzania craton, trending approximately ew and can be subdivided into three nwse trending terrains. Any of various altered basic igneous rocks colored green by chlorite, hornblende, or epidote.
Geologically, the study area covers part of the junction between the granite greenstone terrain of the northeastern part of the kaapvaal craton and the highly metamorphic rocks of the southern marginal zone of the limpopo mobile belt figure 4. Structural controls on gold mineralisation in the central lapland greenstone belt 1998 e geological survey of finland ini ia ed a multidisciplinary research project aiming to generate new information on regional structure and deformation events, metamorphic events, and depositscale structure and fluidflow. The murchison greenstone belt, south africa archive ouverte hal. Greenstone belts are generally elongate, archean to proterozoic terrains comprising intrusive and extrusive mafic to ultramafic igneous rocks, felsic volcanics, and interflow or cover sedimentary rocks. Read our free 2020 outlook report on gold investing. Chlorite, actinolite and other green amphiboles are the typical green minerals. Basementcover relationships of the peninsular gneiss with the. Pdf reliable concordant upb zircon data obtained for volcanic rocks in the archaean greenstone. The worldclass abitibi greenstone belt of canada geology.
Greenstone belts are typically composed of volcanic rocks basalt being the dominant rock with minor sedimentary rocks present in an interleaved pattern. Isua greenstone belt greenland the isua greenstone belt is an archean greenstone belt in sw greenland dated at 3. Martin introduction the belingwe greenstone belt contains a variety of igneous and metamorphic rocks, set in a granitegneiss terrain. The oldest greenstone belt remnants constitute the volcanosedimentary sebakwian group dated at c. The term worldclass can sometimes be overused, but the agb really earns the title, hosting 11 gold deposits over 100 tonnes, including one of the biggest deposits in the world, the t gold hollingermcintyre deposits near timmins, ontario. The barberton greenstone belt, also known as the makhonjwa mountains, is situated on the. Canadas abitibi greenstone belt is the largest greenstone belt in the world with a history that is unsurpassed by most goldmining districts. Greenstones are generally of low to moderate metamorphic grade. The barberton greenstone belt was first uniquely identified by prof annhauser at the university of the witwatersrand, johannesburg. The ene trending belt is roughly synformal, with ultramafic metavolcanics along the margins and coarse. Precambrian geology, northern swayze greenstone belt. Wildeb a tectonics special research centre, department of applied geology, curtin university, gpo box u1987, perth.
In this study, we examined archean komatiites and komatiitic basalts from four areas in the vedlozerosegozero greenstone belt and two areas in the tikshozero greenstone belt, russian karelia, to constrain their nicu sulfide mineralization potential using chalcophile element geochemistry. Several of the worlds largest gold and base metal deposits are found in eastern canadas abitibi greenstone belt agb. This region contains variably metamorphosed mafic and ultramafic greenstone belt rocks, intrusive granitic dome structures, and volcanic sedimentary rocks. Orba wealth advisors, llc and greenstone belt wealth advisors are separate entities from lpl financial. Structural analysis and gold metallogeny of the farley lake gold deposi t, lynn. The belt strikes northeast to southwest, is surrounded by gneisses and granitoids, and contains. Use the unaids collection to answer these questions 4 2. As a result of its good geology, the country has huge mineral potential characterized by about 60 economic minerals whose commercial profitability has been proven. The greenstone belt consists of a sequence of mafic to ultramafic lavas and metasedimentary rocks emplaced and deposited between 3. Discovered in 1909, the abitibi has generated over 160 million ounces of gold. The history of the occurrence of greenstone belts has been associated with ancient oceanic spreading centers and island arc terranes. The name comes from the green colour of the minerals in the rocks. It provides a way of organizing information and publishing it on the web or on removable media such as dvd and usb flash drives.
Greenstone belts article about greenstone belts by the free. Archaean greenstone belt tectonism and basin development. Greenstone belt mgb, located in south africas kaapvaal craton, and. Precambrian geology, northern swayze greenstone belt ontario geological survey report, issn 07042582. Jul 08, 2019 barberton greenstone belt pdf recent field and geochemical studies indicate a need to test the stratigraphy of the ca. As mentioned elsewhere, through the process of differentiation the earth is sorting itself by density. This paper discusses the deformation pattern of the murchison greenstone belt, which is located in the northeastern kaapvaal craton, south africa. The archean superior province of canada contains the abitibi greenstone belt, which contains some of the worlds largest gold and copperzinc deposits with significant amounts of nickelcopperplatinum group element pge mineralization too. Purchase archean greenstone belts, volume 3 1st edition. Pdf 3d geophysical and geological modelling of the. Geosciences free fulltext pressuretemperature history. Ppt archean greenstone belt powerpoint presentation free. Field trip to the mesoarchaean barberton granitegreenstone.
Kautokeino greenstone belt and associated units the kautokeino greenstone belt is one of the westernmost greenstone belts of fennoscandia, located between the karelian and norrbotten cratons fig. Role of volcanosedimentary basins in the formation of greenstone. Most units are steeply dipping, tightly folded, and cut in places by large shear zones, which develop as the belts are accreted to the continent following their generation in oceanic crustal or arc. Greenstone belts host economic deposits of many minerals, including silver, copper and zinc, but they are best known for holding gold archaeanage greenstone belts in particular tend to host. The barberton greenstone belt, part of the barberton granitoid greenstone terrane bggt, has been, and still is, the focus of intense research and debate, particularly with regard to its role in deciphering the tectonic setting, whether involving intraplate plumerelated volcanism or subduction accretion processes e. Minerals free fulltext mustard gold in the oleninskoe. At greenstonebelt wealth advisors, we strive to create a customized financial blueprint that may guide you toward your desired destination. Data driven predictive modelling for archean lode gold potential, bubi greenstone belt, southwest zimbabwe. Geologic evolution of the barberton greenstone belt, south africa. The result is a green stone which geologists cleverly call a greenstone.
Pdf the age of the archaean greenstone belts in finland. Ensialic origin for the ngezi group, belingwe greenstone belt, zimbabwe tom g. Pdf archaean greenstone belts and associated granitic rocks a. Structural evolution of the hemlo greenstone belt in the.
Greenstone belt simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Greenstone belts are extraordinarily varied geological entities. Greenstone belts are zones of variably metamorphosed mafic to ultramafic volcanic sequences with associated sedimentary rocks that occur within archaean and proterozoic cratons between granite and gneiss bodies the name comes from the green hue imparted by the colour of the metamorphic minerals within the mafic rocks. Among the diverse ore deposits found within the belt, a set of sb au deposits are located in a major quartzcarbonate altered brittleductile structure known as the antimony line. An asteroid almost as wide as rhode island may have plowed into earth 3. Volcanic rocks of the ngezi group in the belingwe greenstone belt have been interpreted as continental basalts extruded onto, or oceanic crust obducted onto, a succession of stableshelf sedimentary rocks that nonconformably overlie continental. Reflection seismic profiles over the norseman wiluna belt of the yilgarn craton, western australia, however, indicate that this greenstone belt has a relatively shallow 3. To address this, samples from two au deposits, jerome and kenty, in the archean swayze greenstone belt of northern ontario, canada, together with archived samples from 39 highgrade au deposits from the abitibi greenstone belt across ontario and quebec, were geochemically characterized using integrated scanning electron microscopyenergy. The base of the model domain is free slip, a free remeshing boundary. Greenstone granite belts such as those of the archean continued to form in the proterozoic, albeit in greatly reduced amounts. Freeneya geological model of shear zone gold deposits in the.
The eastern pilbara craton is the eastern portion of the pilbara craton located in western australia. A greenstone belt is a usually an elongate structure composed dominantly of metamorphosed volcanic and sedimentary rocks that, together with granitoids and gneiss, are the constituents of archean and proterozoic cratons. The manica mutare odzi mmo greenstone belt is a late archaean linear structure forster et al. One example is canadas abitibi greenstone belt, which is home to a slew of gold mines. These greenstone belts are infolded mainly into grey granitic gneisses which dominate the early archaean terranes brandl et al. Greenstone belt, archean and proterozoic volcanicsedimentary rock sequences isle royale greenstone chlorastrolite, found in the keweenaw peninsula of michigan and isle royale in the us new zealand greenstone or pounamu, several types of hard and durable stone found in southern new zealand. Greenstone belts in the west african craton wac are. The kevitsa nicupge deposit in the central lapland. They are characterized by abundant volcanic rocks that include pillowed subaqueous basalt flows and subaerial and subaqueous volcaniclastic rocks. Pdf archaean greenstone belts and associated granitic rocks. Hitting the planet at a speed of 20 kilometers per second, the 37to 58kilometerwide space rock could have jolted earth with at least the force of a magnitude 10. Greenstone tutorial exercises, version 1 may 2005 1. Tourmaline mineralization in the barberton greenstone belt, south africa.
1125 93 151 1414 975 680 923 1146 443 567 1042 794 1330 337 331 693 81 646 75 433 558 69 1029 370 650 1274 786 1464 978 865 207 1452 44 909 1449 489